中国国际报告文学研究会首届长征精神国际研讨会于2018年11月23日至28日在桂林召开。会议由中国国际报告文学研究会主办，长征精神研究院承办。中外参会者120余人齐聚山水甲天下的桂林，在湘江战役渡河遗址、湘江战役纪念馆等地共勉长征精神，祭奠先烈英灵。


一、开幕词


 中国国际报告文学研究会会长 王晓滨 致开幕词：

 尊敬的南盻主席及美国斯诺基金会各位代表和来自美国的贵宾

尊敬的俄罗斯代表

尊敬的日本代表

尊敬的英国代表

尊敬的泰国代表

尊敬的红军后代代表和各位将军

尊敬的各位党史军史专家代表

尊敬的长征学者、国际报告文学学者、作家

尊敬的中国国际报告文学研究会各位会员代表，各专业委员会代表，长征精神研究院代表，湘江战役研究院筹备组代表，

尊敬的桂林市委宣传部、灌阳县委宣传部以及给予我们支持、协助的各方人士

 在座的各位女士们先生们，上午好！欢迎各位的光临，感谢各位的支持!

 80多年前的今天，几万胸怀理想的年轻人开始长征。在我们脚下的这块土地上浴血奋战，他们当中的很多人在这里流下了鲜血和他们宝贵的生命。为了人类的自由与解放，为了新中国的建设，为了不再受压迫、受欺凌，有的甚至仅仅是为了自己和家人吃上一顿饱饭。他们历尽了我们今天无法想象的千辛万苦，做出了常人难以做出的牺牲，他们当中的大多数人甚至都没有留下姓名，但是我们知道他们是红军。他们的壮举就是举世闻名的—长征。

 80年前，美国年轻的记者、作家埃德加斯诺，在西方发表了他的著名报告文学巨著《红星照耀中国》从此，“长征”这个震撼人们心灵的词语从红军的脚下走向了全世界。《红星照耀中国》是国际报告文学的典范，它是一部真实的记录和报告；它有作者的亲见亲闻，它有作者真实而热情的感想、评论和鲜明的立场、观点；它的调查、采访、写作过程也是作者思想感情发生重大变革的过程。

上述这些特点都是优秀的国际报告文学的基本优点和鲜明特征。这使它们成为优秀报告文学作品的经典之作。

 斯诺的《西行漫记》以及索尔兹博里以70多岁高龄，心怀起搏器重走长征路之后所撰写的国际报告文学巨著《长征，前所未闻的故事》以及英国人薄复礼所撰写的《神灵之手》以及中国作家范长江撰写的《中国西北角》，陆定一的《翻越老山界》，以上这些报告文学作家、记者和红军将士们关于长征的回忆录等报告文学作品，汇成了记录、报道、回忆长征的文学洪流，树起了长征路上的一座座文学丰碑。

 这些报告文学作品之所以经得起历史的风沙，岁月的洗礼，时间的考验，至今为人们赞颂和纪念，不仅仅因为它们是真实优秀的文学作品，更重要的是它们把自己的命运铸进了一个伟大的名字——长征。

 埃德加•斯诺在《红星照耀中国》中说：

  “红军长征的那种精神，那种力量，那种欲望，那种热情。——这些是人类历史本身的丰富而灿烂的精华。”

 著名记者、作家 索尔兹伯里在他的著名报告文学《长征：前所未闻的故事》中说：

 “长征不仅仅是象征。中国红军的男女战士用毅力、勇气和实力书写了一部伟大的人间史诗。”

 “在我们这个世纪中还没有什么其他事件能像长征一样让人如此神往，也没有什么事件像它一样如此深远地改变了世界的未来。”

 “有些中国人说，也许在一两个世纪以后我们才会认识到长征的真正历史意义。而现在就让我们同意中国人的看法——把长征认作是集团体勇气、奉献和信念于一身而进行的无与伦比之壮举吧。”

 人类历史上有过各式各样大大小小的长征，但是无一能与红军80多年前的长征相比，红军的长征走过了刀山火海，渡过了血染湘江，跨过了千山万水，终于从雪山草地登上了雄伟壮丽的天安门城楼。我们看到了毛泽东主席和埃德加斯诺在天安门城楼上的照片；我们看到了中美建交和中日恢复邦交，我们看到了一个又一个和平友好条约的签订，我们正在为共同构建人类命运共同体而努力。我们也看到了以“长征”命名的运载火箭飞向太空......

今天我们在这里纪念长征，研讨长征的国际意义。我们有远道而来的各位专家学者代表和朋友。我们在这里要特别感谢不远万里而来的国际友人。我们还要进行共同的学术研究和发展新型文化的长征。我们的这次研讨会从桂林市出发经兴安县到达灌阳，明天还要途径全州、资源到达龙胜，我们一边学习参观红军长征史迹一边进行分组讨论，行程千里。这也是一次探索长征精神国际意义的小小的学术长征。

 我相信，关于长征精神的国际意义，各位学者、代表、专家会有很好的见解，议论。在这里，我仅以已故毛泽东主席的一段语录做为我个人对长征精神国际意义的感悟和对本次研讨会的献词：“下定决心，不怕牺牲，排除万难，去争取胜利。”

谢谢大家！

 CRIIR, Chairman Wang, Opening Remarks:

▪ Distinguished President of the Edgar Snow Memorial Foundation, Nancy Hill and delegates;

▪ Distinguished delegates from the US, UK, Russia, Japan and Thailand;

▪ Distinguished Red Army descendants and generals;

▪ Distinguished Party History and Military History experts;

▪ Distinguished Long March researchers, international reportage scholars and writers;

▪ Distinguished Delegates from China Research Institute for International Reportage, representatives from Institute for Long March Spirit, Representative of Preparatory Group of Xiang River Battle Research Institute;

▪ Distinguished representatives from Publicity Department of Guilin Municipal Committee and Guangyang County Council, who supported our symposium.

Good morning ladies and gentlemen, Welcome! And thank you for all the support.

 About 80 years ago, tens of thousands of young and ambitious men and women embarked on the long march. They have fought bravely on the land where we’re standing right now and many of them have lost their lives. They’ve fought for the human freedom and liberation, for an establishment of a new China, for not being oppressed and bullied anymore, and maybe simply just for their family no longer being starved. They have endured hardships and sufferings that we could not imagine, made sacrifices that are almost impossible for ordinary people to make. Most of them did not even left a name, but we know who they are --- the red army. What they have accomplished was the world-famous ---- Long march.  

About eighty years ago, Edgar Snow, a young American journalist and writer, published his famous reportage masterpiece Red Star Over China in the west, from then on, the word “long march” travelled world-wide and touched people’s hearts. Red Star Over China has set a great example for international reportage, it is a true document and report; Edgar Snow wrote what he saw and heard with passion and the spirit of telling the truth, the work showed his distinct points of view and during the writing and interviewing it was also the process for him to change his thoughts and feelings.

These characteristics are the fundamental merits and distinct features of excellent international reportage. These make the following works  classic reportage.

 ▪ Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow;

▪ The international reportage masterpiece The Long March: The Untold Story completed by Salisbury in his 70s, after re-walked the long march with the heart pacemaker in his body;

▪ The Restraining Hand by Bosshardt from England;

▪  The Northwest Corner of China by Fan Changjiang from China;

▪ Laoshanjie by Lu Dingyi;

All those above reportages converged into records, reports and reminiscences of the literary torrent of the long March, and through them a number of literary monuments were built on the road of long March.

 The reasons why these reportages stay alive after the test of time, and still praised and remembered by people today, are not only because they are true and excellent literary works, more importantly, they carved themselves into a great name ---- the long March.

Edgar Snow wrote in Red Star Over China

  “The spirit、the strength、the desire、the enthusiasm of the red army’s long march,——is a rich and brilliant essence of human history itself”.

The well-known journalist and writer Salisbury wrote the following in his famous reportage The Long March: The Untold Story:

"China’s Long March of 1934 was no symbol. It was a great human epic which tested the will, courage, and strength of the men and women of the Chinese Red Army".

"No event in this century has so captured the world's imagination and so profoundly affected its future".

"Perhaps, the Chinese would say, in a century or two we may begin to see the Long March in the true historical perspective. For the present, we can view it as China does---an unparalleled act of collective courage, dedication, and hope".

In human history, there have been long marches of all kinds, big and small, but no matter the scale, none of them can compare with the long March of the Red Army. The long March of the Red Army has gone through  great hardships and sufferings. They have made through thousands of mountains and rivers, from the snow mountain and grassland and finally made it all the way to the majestic Tiananmen Gate-tower. We saw the picture of Chairman Mao and Edgar Snow on the Tiananmen Gate-tower; and we witnessed establishment of diplomatic relations between China and US, and the resumption of diplomatic relations between China and Japan. We have seen the treaty of Peace and Friendship signed one after another. We are trying to build a community with shared future for humanity. We even saw the launch of a carrier rocket named Long March.

Today we are here to commemorate long march, and to discuss its international significance. We have experts in different fields and academic representatives. We want to thank our international friends who travelled thousands of miles to be with us. We are also going to conduct academic researches and develop a new cultural long march. Our symposium has taken us from Guilin to Xing'an and Guanyang counties, tomorrow we will visit Quanzhou, Ziyuan counties, and the last stop will be Longsheng County. As we visit along these historic sites of the Red Army's Long March and discuss in groups, our journey adds up in distance. It is also a small academic long march to explore the international significance of the Long March spirit.

I believe that with regard to the international significance of the spirit of the Long March, our scholars, representatives and experts will have excellent opinions for discussion. As for my personal understanding towards the long march spirit, I would like to quote the late chairman Mao Zedong:"with determination and sacrifice, we will overcome hardships and strive for victories".

Thank you very much!

二、致辞精选


我们这次首届长征精神国际研讨会，外国嘉宾主要来自四个国家，美国，俄罗斯，日本，和泰国。
这里，我将来自这四个国家的主要嘉宾向大家介绍一下：
▪ 美国纪念斯诺基金会主席，何南盻，Nancy Hill
▪ 美国亚利桑那州立大学教授，史沫特莱研究专家和传记作者，麦金农教授，▪ 美国著名记者作家安娜·路易斯·斯特朗的侄孙、斯特朗传记的作者，特雷西教授，他是一位作家，是海伦·福斯特·斯诺的侄子，海伦·福斯特·斯诺是埃德加·斯诺的前夫人，1937年底，在斯诺访问陕北之后，海伦·斯诺又冒着重重风险，只身一人到陕北采访红军和根据地的人民。
▪ 杨燕飞，俄罗斯莫斯科中俄文化交流中心中国部主任，
▪ 酒井信幸,Sakai Nobuyuki，日本周恩来研究会会长，
▪ 泰国丰顺会馆主席，罗锦蝶先生。
我这里要特别指出的是，参加这次研讨会的有来自四个S的代表，四个S也就是:
Edgar Snow,
Agnes Smedley,
Anna Louise Strong,
Helen Foster Snow.
1984年，在我国党和国家领导人的亲切关怀和支持下，中国3S研究会在北京成立，邓颖超为名誉会长，黄华为会长。自1984年以来，国内外召开了许多有关3S的研讨会，但是，3S的代表从来没有在一次会议上全部出席和参加。所以，从3S为代表的国际报告文学作家这个意义上来说，我们这次研讨会是一次难得的聚会，我们不仅有3S的代表。还有4S的代表，这第四个S就是Helen Foster Snow。
希望我们这次研讨会能从3S走向4S，从4S走向5S，这第五个S就是美国著名作家《长征：前所未闻的故事》一书的作者，哈里森索尔兹伯里先生Harrison Salisbury 。
从5S走向5S+,也就是 Five S plus. Five S Plus，就是以五S为代表的、努力向世界“讲好中国故事”的许许多多的国际报告文学作家。
最后，我还要向大家特别介绍两位来自国内的嘉宾：一位是陕西斯诺研究中心名誉主席、资深翻译家安危先生。另一位是北京大学中国埃德加·斯诺研究中心主任孙华先生。多年来，他们为介绍以3S、4S、5S为代表的国际报告文学作家的作品，做了大量的工作，对于他们的出席，我代表此次研讨会，表示衷心的感谢！
谢谢大家!
Today, there are international guests from four countries, such as America, Russia, Japan and Thailand, attending our first International Symposium of the Long March Spirit.
I will introduce some delegates from these four countries to all of us:
▪ Nancy Hill, President of Edgar Snow Memorial Foundation from the United States
▪ Prof. Mackinnon, expert and biography author of Agnes Smedley and Professor from ASU (Arizona State University)
▪ Prof. Tracy Strong, grandnephew and biography author of Anna Louise Strong
▪ Eric Foster, an author and nephew of Helen Foster Snow, the first wife of Edgar Snow and a lady who completed her difficult and dangerous journey to Northern Shaanxi and conducted a thorough interview of the Red Army and people in the revolutionary base in late 1937 right after her husband’s adventures there.
▪ Ms. Yang Yanfei, Director of the Chinese Department at Sino-Russian Culture Communication Center in Moscow
▪ Mr. Sakai Nobuyuki, Chairman of Research Institute for Premier Zhou Enlai
▪ Mr. Luo Jindie, President of the Hong Soon Association of Thailand
Here it is of particular necessity for me to point out that today we are so honored to have representatives from the Four S. Namely, Edgar Snow, Agnes Smedley, Anna Louise Strong, and Helen Foster Snow.
Back in 1984, China’s Research Institute of 3S was founded in Beijing under the cordial concern and sincere support of leaders of the CPC and the country, with Madame Deng Yingchao serving as its honorary chairman and Mr. Huang Hua as its chairman. Despite that there have been many symposiums on 3S, it is a pity that not all the representatives from 3S ever have been present at any of them. Thus, our symposium today is quite a rare occasion for all the representatives of 3S, on behalf of international reportage authors, to gather together. Actually, we have representatives from the fourth S, that is, Helen Foster Snow.
May our symposium move forward from 3S to 4S and further to 5S, i.e., Mr. Harrison Salisbury, renowned American author of The Long March: the Untold Story.
And let’s make remarkable progress from 5S to 5S+, which means more and more authors of international reportage who are dedicated to telling Chinese stories to the whole world, represented by the 5S.
Finally, I’d like to particularly introduce you two honored guests from China, that is, Mr. An Wei, senior translator and honorary president of Shaanxi Snow Studies Center, and Mr. Sun Hua, director of Edgar Snow Studies Center of China in Peking University. Over the years, they both have done a lot of work to introduce the works of international reportage writers led by 3S, 4S A and 5S into China. On behalf of our symposium, I’d like to extend sincere thanks for their attendance.  
Thank you all!
(刘晓峰译)


你好！我是埃德加·斯诺纪念基金会主席何南盻，本基金会地处埃德加·斯诺故乡－密苏里州堪萨斯城。非常感谢中国报告文学研究会，尤其是我新近相识的朋友王晓滨先生和王碧夏先生，还有我的老朋友刘力群先生，感谢大家对于斯诺基金会成员与朋友的盛情款待。

在新近举办的第18届埃德加·斯诺国际研讨会上，我会有幸在堪萨斯城招待了在此的几位朋友，非常荣幸能到此参加此次盛会。在堪城我们曾有难忘的相聚，此次研讨会无疑延续了美好时光。我的丈夫莱瑞和我曾在2012年首次到访中国时抵达桂林，而今故地重游，我俩激动不已。

今天在此，我想谈一谈埃德加·斯诺关于长征的报告文学，谈一谈其在美国、中国和全世界的重大意义与影响力以及时至今日这一影响力的延续。当然，在西方国家对于长征最全面的报道当属哈里森·索尔兹伯里先生于1895年出版的《长征：不为人知的故事》。

索尔兹伯里在读到埃德加·斯诺《红星照耀中国》一书时首次了解到长征，当时他仍是美国合众国际新闻社的一名年轻记者。正如他本人所言：“从未有记者像埃德加·斯诺先生这样对美国二战前后的新闻工作者产生如此的影响。我依然记得一页一页拜读《红星照耀中国》时对作者无以复加的崇敬之情，怀着无比激动的心情我连着两夜不眠不休，一口气读完了他592页的厚重之作，真正意识到世界报告文学的力道与雄浑。”这样的表述正是出自于之后因自己的国际报告文学而荣获普利策大奖的一名国际知名作家之口。

埃德加·斯诺的写作影响力正是源于他对于长征战略意义与其浓重的人性光辉的史无前例的理解力。就其战略意义而言，斯诺即可敏锐地把握到长征是“世界军事史上的伟大壮举之一”。同时，他还理解到长征亦是满怀人性的英雄事迹，饱含着感人肺腑的“冒险、探索、发现、勇气与怯懦、胜利与欢欣、苦难、牺牲和忠诚。长征自始至终，恰如一股不息的火焰，彰显着数以万计的年轻人面对强悍敌人、自然艰险与死亡威胁永不言败的熠熠生辉的热情、永恒不朽的希望与惊人的革命乐观主义。所有这些都在这部当代无与伦比的奇幻历程中予以彰显。”

埃德加·斯诺无疑是报道这一具有世界意义、可歌可泣的史诗故事的恰当人选。而立之年的他开启了那场满是艰险的陕北之行。当时他已在中国生活了七年之久，足迹踏遍中国大江南北，细致关注各地的情况，广泛接触各地民众，用心学习中国语言，逐步吸收中国文明古老而持久的丰富的文化与历史。

亲眼见证中华民族所面临的几百年内忧外患的惊人挑战，包括殖民主义、官场腐败和旱灾、水灾及其它自然灾害所带来的大范围的饥荒，斯诺对中国和中国广大民众产生了深厚情感。当时，中华民族还面临着日本侵略者残酷而强悍的侵略与进攻。

怀着这份理解与共鸣，斯诺于1936年抵达保安，首次了解到刚刚结束的长征，仔细记录了完成这一壮举的男男女女的亲历故事。在保安的四个半月期间，斯诺用了大量时间采访毛泽东、周恩来和其他革命领导人，还有许多普通士兵和当地农民。他观察和报道了长征中最具战略意义的事件和最普通民众的点滴生活。他不仅捕捉到了长征的真实史实，还敏锐把握了英勇果敢而有普普通通的革命者的希望与梦想、喜悦与恐慌，并以一种全世界人民都能够理解的方式展开了叙述。他让全球读者感知到“赤匪”的温情而鲜活的一面。

当时在中国，各个年龄阶段的男男女女秉烛夜读走私版的《红星照耀中国》中文本，当时这本书中文本有一个机灵的名字《西行漫记》。这四个字的英文含义即是“西部中国的随笔报道”，以一种非常模糊的方式避免提及共产党这一敏感词汇。这一译名很有必要，突显了当时中国艰难的政治与历史环境和斯诺与该书译者的独特创意。

由此，举国上下，中国民众因斯诺的报道而了解革命、惊叹革命并在许多情况下深受鼓舞而参加革命。在我到中国的历次旅行中，我就有幸遇到了许多老一辈的中国朋友，正是通过阅读《西行漫记》，他们初次了解到抗日运动，并受此鼓舞而前往保安参加革命事业。今天现场的一些朋友肯定听到过类似的故事，甚至亲历了这样的故事。

在国外，上至专业记者如哈里森·索尔兹伯里下至普通民众，众人了解到毛泽东、周恩来、朱德及其他红军领导人。大家了解到刚刚结束的恢宏如史诗的长征和中国共产党人所提出的与国民党结成联合阵线共同对抗日本侵略的无畏计划，而当时国民党正四处出击企图以激烈的内战将共产党人一举消灭。埃德加·斯诺对于这一非凡的事迹予以真实讲述，报道事实真相，以红军领袖们的自身言谈传达他们的亲身故事，文字精确而有力，保留了斯诺本人初次接触这些事实时的感受。

当时尽管西方国家存在强烈的反共情绪，美国和全世界范围内各个阶层的人民开始理解到红军首先得到了中国广大民众的大力支持。而今中美两国之间政治局势紧张，我们更不应当忘记曾经一度、就在不久前，中美两国在第二次世界大战击败日本及其它轴心国的艰苦卓绝的努力中曾是盟友。埃德加·斯诺关于长征和红军的报道文学正是这份同盟之谊早期重要的组成部分。

最近一位研究美国总统的历史学家告诉我说美国总统哈里·杜鲁门曾细致而饶有兴趣地阅读《红星照耀中国》一书，巧的是，和斯诺一样，杜鲁门也出生于密苏里州。杜鲁门当时还要求美国国务院的每一位成员都必须读这本书。由此可见斯诺报道当时的影响力，而他的报道时至今日依然影响力不减。

最后，我想以我的上司和导师同时也是埃德加·斯诺先生志同道合的好友，戴蒙德医生，几句至理名言来结束今天的发言。1976年在与堪萨斯城的一批医学院师生结束为期三周的中国之行后，他对盛情款待大家的中国朋友说了如下的话：

 “我们不敢乐观地相信，来自美国中部的32名民众可以在促进两国关系良好发展方面做出排山倒海、创造奇迹之举。然而，我们绝不可忘却更不可以低估当代中国早期几位美国人所起到的特殊作用。

我们应当牢记以下几位美国朋友，包括安娜·路易丝·斯特朗、埃文斯·卡尔逊、约瑟夫·史迪威、艾格尼丝·史沫莱特、马海德、埃德加·斯诺和海伦·斯诺。

这些人中多数都是毫无官职的民众，然而这些人却远胜于曾从美国来到中国的数以百计的传教士、数以千计的商人和数以万计的军人。

我们不敢奢望能够胜任这些于上世纪30和40年代来到中国、满怀豪情与勇气的少数人所起到的巨大作用，但至少我们应当勇于尝试”。

转眼四十二年过去了，戴蒙德医生的这番话依然句句在理，字字在耳。因此，秉承着埃德加·斯诺先生、戴蒙德医生和其他曾创造了历史、满怀豪情与勇气的朋友们的精神，让我们勇于尝试、不懈努力吧！谢谢大家！

Hello! Nihao! I’m Nancy Hill, President of the Edgar Snow Memorial Foundation, based in Kansas City, Missouri, hometown of Edgar Snow.  I am so grateful to the China Research Institute for International Reportage (CRIIR), especially my new friends Mr. Wang Xiaoben and Mr. Wang Bixia, and my old friend Liu Liqun, for their gracious hospitality to me, my husband Larry, and my colleagues and friends from the Snow Foundation.

We’re delighted to be here and we were happy to host many of you in Kansas City recently for the 18th Edgar Snow Symposium.  We had an amazing time and this is a wonderful way to follow it up.  Larry and I visited this magical city, Guilin, on our first trip to China in 2012 and we’re thrilled to be back.

Today I want to talk about Edgar Snow’s reportage on the Long March — its significance and its influence in the US and around the world, including inside of China, and how that influence continues to this day.  The most comprehensive book about the Long March - at least in the West - is Harrison Salisbury’s 1985 The Long March: the Untold Story. (show book)

Salisbury was a young reporter for the United Press when he first learned about the Long March from reading Edgar Snow’s Red Star Over China.  As Salisbury put it: “No other reporter so influenced the prewar (and postwar) generation of American correspondents.  I can remember the breathless awe with which I read it page-by-page, gobbling the 592 pages in two sleepless nights of excitement.  Nothing gave me such realization of the power and scope of world reporting.”  This, from a man who would later win a Pulitzer for his own international reporing.

The power of Edgar Snow’s writing came from his rare gift of understanding both the tactical implications of the Long March, and its profound humanity.  Tactically, Snow immediately grasped that the March was "one of the great exploits of military history.” But he also understood that it was a deeply human saga, describing the potent mixture of “adventure, exploration, discovery, human courage and cowardice, ecstasy and triumph, suffering, sacrifice, and loyalty.  And through it all, like a flame, an undimmed ardor and undying hope and amazing revolutionary optimism of those thousands of youths who would not admit defeat by man or nature or God or death - all this and more seemed embodied in the history of an odyssey unequalled in modern times.”

Edgar Snow proved to be just the right person to report this epic story to the world.  Just 30 years old when he made the difficult and dangerous journey to northern Shaanxi, Snow had already spent seven years in China. He had traveled the vast nation, observing the conditions on the ground, meeting the people, learning the language, and slowly absorbing the cultural and historic complexities of its ancient and enduring civilization.

Snow developed a deep affection for China and for the Chinese people, while observing first-hand the daunting challenges they faced from centuries of internal and external oppression, including colonialism, corruption, and mass famine brought on by drought, floods, and other natural disasters. And now the nation faced relentless and seemingly unchecked encroachment and aggression by the Japanese.

Snow brought this informed empathy and understanding to Bao’an in 1936, where he first learned of the recently ended Long March and carefully recorded the stories of the men and women who had made it.  For four and a half months Snow spent countless hours interviewing Mao, Zhou Enlai, and other leaders, as well as individual foot soldiers and peasants. He observed and reported on daily life from the most strategic to the most mundane.  He captured not only the facts of the Long March but also the hopes and dreams, the joys and fears, of the brave and determined but otherwise completely ordinary revolutionaries in a way that people around the world could understand. He put a human face on the “Red Bandits” for a global audience.

Inside of China, men and women of all ages read smuggled copies by candlelight of Red Star published under the clever decoy name "Xi Xing Man Ji." In English, these four characters mean “Random Reports from Western China,” a vague and ambiguous way to avoid any mention of the communists. The translation and its necessity highlight the difficult political and historical circumstances in China at that time, and also the ingenuity of Snow and his Chinese colleagues who translated it.

 Across the country, Chinese citizens were informed, amazed, and in many cases inspired to join the revolution by Snow’s reporting.  On several trips to China I have met older Chinese who first learned of the resistance movement through reading Red Star, in many cases it inspired them to go to Yan’an and join the cause. Very likely there are people in this room who have heard these same stories or even lived that same experience.
Outside of China - from professional reporters like Harrison Salisbury to ordinary citizens in their living rooms - people learned about Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and the other Red leaders. They learned of the epic Long March that had just ended, and of the Communists’ audacious plan to form a united front against Japanese aggression with the Nationalists – the same Nationalists who were actively trying to exterminate them in the bitter civil war. It’s an extraordinary story and Edgar Snow told it straight – reporting the facts and relaying the leaders’ own stories in their own words, accurately and compellingly as he received them.  

At every level, and despite strong anti-communist sentiments in the West, people in the US and around the world began to understand that above all, the Red Army had the strong support of the Chinese people.  And in these politically tense days between Washington and Beijing, we would do well to remember that there was a time in the not so distant past that our two countries were allies in the desperate attempt to defeat the Japanese and the other Axis powers in World War II.  Edgar Snow’s reportage on the Long March and the Red Army was an early and important part of that coming together.

I was recently told by a presidential historian that Red Star Over China was read carefully and with great interest by US President Harry Truman (another Missouri boy, like Snow).  Truman then made it required reading for each and every member of his State Department.  Snow’s reporting mattered then and it still matters now.

I’ll close with words of wisdom from my former boss and mentor, Edgar Snow’s close friend, Dr. E. Grey Dimond.  Addressing his Chinese hosts in 1976 after a three-week tour with a group of medical students and faculty from Kansas City, Dr. Dimond said:

 “We do not flatter ourselves into believing that we 32 citizens from middle USA can move mountains in terms of the well-being of the relationships between our two countries. However, we cannot forget nor underestimate the special role of a handful of Americans in the early life of modern China.

This very small group, comprised of Anna Louise Strong, Evans Carlson, Joseph Stilwell, Agnes Smedley, George Hatem, and Edgar and Helen Snow, must be remembered.

Most of this group were completely private citizens, but they were more powerful than the hundreds of missionaries, the thousands of businessmen, and the tens of thousands of military, who came from the U.S to China.

We cannot hope to fill the immense role played by those great-hearted few who came here in the 1930s and 1940s.  But we can at least try.”

Forty-two year later, Dr. Dimond’s words still ring true.  So in the spirit of Edgar Snow, and Dr. Dimond, and the rest of the great-hearted few, let’s keep trying.  Thank you!

(刘晓峰译)


陕西省斯诺研究中心创始人安危先生发言
这次参会，我是来学习的，没准备发言。昨天的参观，令我感动，所受教益匪浅。我想利用这个机会，同大家分享与长征有关的三个细节。
第一，“长征”一词，是怎么出现的？1936年，埃德加•斯诺在陕北保安夜复一夜地采访毛泽东，一心想了解毛泽东的生平，但毛泽东却避而不谈个人的故事，一直在谈红军的发展历史。期间谈得最多的，是红军如何在国民党的第四、第五次围剿中遭到惨败，不得不撤离苏区，进行了一次艰苦的、漫长的“战略大转移”。毛泽东在谈话中，不断地重复着“战略大转移”这五个字。斯诺做笔记时，开始用了retreat（撤退），后来又改用了strategic shift（战略转移）。斯诺觉得绕口，问毛泽东：“‘战略大转移’的目的，是北上抗日，经历了一个漫长的、又作战又行军的过程，能否称它为Long March（长征）呢？”毛泽东说：“对，就是一次长征。”这个细节，书上没有写，是海伦•斯诺亲口告诉我的。
第二件，海伦•斯诺于1937年5月2日到达延安，在延安采访将近5个月时间。在此期间，她会见、采访了参加长征的女战士和‘红小鬼’，与毛泽东进行了5次深谈。海伦后来说，红军的长征，给她留下了终生难忘的印象。在19世纪40年代，她的祖先由于宗教的原因，也有过一次横跨美洲大陆的长途跋涉，但其规模、时间跨度和艰难程度，都无法与红军的长征相比！
第三件，是哈里森•索尔兹伯里80年代初重走长征路。到达西安后，他采访了刘志丹的遗孀和女儿，听她们讲述长征中的故事。我有幸给他们做翻译。1985-1986年，我在哈特福德作访问学者，利用周末和假期，我常与海伦•斯诺见面，一起工作，帮助她整理资料。海伦告诉我，索尔兹伯里的《长征——前所未闻的故事》出版发行了，他还要到麦迪逊来签名售书。那时候，我不懂得“签名售书”是怎么一回事，非常好奇。海伦还告诉我，她的自传《我在中国的岁月》前一年出版，销量很少，她自己还赔了钱。于是，我对“签名售书”一事就更加好奇了！后来，我不仅观看了哈里森在麦迪逊的签名售书活动，还参加了他在纽约“华美协进社”举行的讲座。我这才了解了海伦的苦衷——她身体不好，不能驾车（自1949年以后，也没有车可驾），又没有钱，怎么能东颠西跑，去演讲、去签名售书呢？
我们陕西省斯诺研究中心正式成立于1991年12月25日——这是埃德加和海伦•斯诺的结婚纪念日。我们中心的英文名称是Edgar & HelenSnow Studies Center，斯诺夫妇是一个“二人工作队”，许多工作都是他们一起干的，而且许多点子是海伦出的，不可能单独研究其中一个人而忽视另一个。以《红星照耀中国》为例，这本书是两个斯诺两次西北之行的产物。1937年，埃德加在北平写作《红星》，“朱毛”是这本书的脊梁。但他没见过朱德，在保安采访时，朱德还在长征的路上。西安事变是国共两党第二次合作、促成抗日统一战线的转折点。海伦在1936年10月3日，对张学良进行了独家采访，掌握着西安事变最核心的信息。还有，《红星》一书中的照片，有不少是海伦1937年夏天在延安拍摄的。
我现在彻底退休了，陕西省斯诺研究中心现由西北大学外国语学院院长、著名翻译家胡宗锋教授担任主任，袁西玲副教授担任常务副主任。我们有一支年富力强的翻译队伍，有学识广泛的研究力量。主要活动有翻译出版、学术研究、对外交流、践行斯诺精神。我们设立了“海伦•斯诺翻译奖”和“海伦•斯诺新闻奖”，隔年进行比赛和选拔。我们还与美国的南犹他大学（Southern Utahuniversity 简称SUU）设立了“海伦•斯诺访问学者”项目，每年派遣一位陕西省斯诺研究中心理事会成员去SUU访学。我们在八路军西安办事处纪念馆设立了两个永久性专题展览：《伟大的女性——海伦•斯诺在中国》和《公谊救护队在中国》；今年，我们协助凤县政府，在宝鸡双石铺新建了“中国工合纪念馆”。
研究中心2016年落户西北大学后，定位为一个开放式的学术研究机构，吸纳陕西省内外有建树的翻译家、历史学家、作家、新闻记者、各大专院校的专家参加。研究中心秉持海伦•斯诺“进校学习，出校服务”的理念，不断开展对外交流和公益活动。自1995年以来，组织接待美国环球志愿者服务项目，至今已接待了228个志愿队，每队至少3人，多则18人，每队在陕西义务服务三个星期。斯诺研究中心也组织人力，派遣志愿队，培训农村中小学教师，支持基础教育。
欢迎各位去陕西！欢迎各位来我们陕西省斯诺研究中心做客、交流。



今天我们怀着深厚的感情和崇敬的心情，齐聚广西灌阳这片红色沃土，共同纪念湘江战役84周年。84年前的今天，以周恩来和我的外公朱德为代表的老一辈无产阶级革命家率领红军将士，正是在这里，以血肉之躯与优势之敌浴血奋战，硬是从敌人的重重包围中杀出了一条血路，充分展现了大无畏的革命英雄气概和无坚不摧的战斗精神，谱写了一首荡气回肠、可歌可泣的壮丽史诗。回顾那段历史，缅怀革命先烈的丰功伟绩，对于我们坚定理想信念，确保红色基因代代相传具有十分重要的意义。
湘江战役，是关系中央红军生死存亡的关键一战，也是红军长征以来最紧张、最激烈的一次战斗。1934年11月中旬，突围的中央红军冲破敌军的三道封锁线，进入湘南的嘉禾、兰山、临武地区。这时，蒋介石已经判断出了红军的真实意图，在湘江两岸调集湘军和桂军30余万国民党军队，构筑碉堡，凭借湘江天险设下了第四道封锁线，企图将红军全歼于湘江、潇水之间。
由于王明“左”倾机会主义路线在红军中占据了统治地位，博古、李德等人拒不接受毛泽东、彭德怀等领导同志的正确主张和建议，仍然坚持向湘西转移与红二、六军团会合的原定计划，命令部队继续向西钻进蒋介石设置好的口袋，与敌人作面对面的硬拼。行军途中，中央纵队又舍不得丢掉辎重，采取搬家式的转移，行动十分迟缓，致使贻误了抢渡湘江的最佳战机。
11月29日，湘军和桂军蜂拥而上，敌人向正在渡江的红军发起了进攻。12月1日，敌人对红军发动了全线进攻，战斗达到了白热化程度。这是生死存亡的一战，是意志的较量。狭路相逢勇者胜，红军将士硬是用刺刀、手榴弹打垮了敌军整连、整营的一次次进攻，湘江两岸洒下了无数红军将士的鲜血。
在形势万分危急的时刻，时任中革军委主席、红军总司令的外公朱德再次担负起支撑战争局面的责任。他亲自给担负阻击任务部队的指挥员下达命令，亲自到一军团阵地指挥，亲自抢救伤员并把伤员扶到自己的马上。当红三十四师被敌隔断转向湘南时，朱老总专门电令项英派出留在苏区的红二十四师一个团前去接应。虽然此役红军损失巨大，但朱老总和周恩来尽了最大努力减少损失，力挽狂澜于即倒，粉碎了蒋介石全歼红军的企图。
湘江战役是中央红军长征途中损失最大的一次作战行动。红五军团和在长征前夕成立的少共国际师损失过半，八军团损失更为惨重，34师被敌人重重包围，全体指战员顽强抵抗，直至弹尽粮绝，绝大部分同志壮烈牺牲。中央红军和军委两纵队，已由出发时的8.6万人锐减到3万余人。尽管损失惨重，但主力红军终于全部渡过了湘江，突破了敌人的第四道封锁线。对此，蒋介石叹道：“无异于纵虎归山，数年努力，功败垂成！”
更为重要的是：血的事实，宣告了“左”倾教条主义军事路线的彻底破产，使广大红军指战员对左倾冒险主义的怀疑、不满以及积极要求改变领导的情绪，达到了顶点。聂荣臻元帅在他的回忆录中也明确指出：“这次过湘江，进一步暴露了教条宗派集团在政治上和军事指挥上的逃跑主义错误，促使人们从根本上考虑党的路线问题，领导问题。”可以说，湘江战役，使共产党人从损失中深刻认识到决不能盲目迷信所谓共产国际不切实际的领导与指挥，深刻认识到必须选择以毛泽东同志为代表的正确军事路线。湘江战役为遵义会议的召开打下了重要的思想基础，成为遵义会议酝酿过程中的一个重要组成部分，在中国革命史和战争史上占有重要地位。
今天，我们纪念湘江战役84周年，弘扬伟大的长征精神，就是要深深地缅怀千百万为新中国大厦的建立而英勇牺牲的英雄们，就是要牢记“打江山不易，守江山更难”的警示，就是要保持和发扬战争年代的那样一种拼命精神。以毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、朱德、任弼时为代表的第一代伟大的革命者们历经艰苦跋涉，不懈探索，用鲜血和生命为我们开启了“中国梦”的第一章—“解放梦”，以邓小平为核心的党的第二代领导集体率领我们改革开放，经过四十年的奋斗，续写了“中国梦”的第二章—“富国梦”。当前，让我们紧密地团结在以习近平为总书记的党中央周围，继续为“中国梦”的第三章“强国梦”而努力奋斗！
最后用我外公在祭奠革命烈士仪式上的两句题词结束我的发言：你们活在我们的记忆中，我们活在你们的事业中。谢谢大家！


大家好。

我能够代表日本周恩来纪念会参加中国国际报告文学研究会长征精神研究院召开的首届长征精神研讨会感到非常的荣幸。

已故中国周恩来总理是我们特别尊重和崇敬的中国领导人之一。周恩来先生是红军长征的重要领导人之一，他辅佐毛泽东主席建立了新中国，并为中日友好事业呕心沥血，高瞻远瞩，亲力亲为，做出了巨大的贡献。长征精神，是人类的瑰宝。

从历史上来看中日之间长达2000年之久的文化交流历史也是一次长征。鉴真和尚7次东渡，以他失明的双目给日本带来新文化的光明。以阿倍仲麻吕（中文：晁衡）等人为代表的遣隋使，遣唐使在波涛汹涌的大海中奋力西行，那是一次又一次海上的长征。连接欧亚大陆并最终汇集日本的著名的丝绸之路，那也是古代的人类长征。

日本和中国人民的友好交流事业仍然任重而道远，我们愿意以伟大的长征精神为先导，继续走好中日友好事业的新长征之路。

我们热切地希望能有机会与中国国际报告文学研究会长征精神研究院一起在日本召开长征精神国际研讨会。

谢谢大家！

Greetings, everyone!

On behalf of Japan Zhou Enlai memorial, I am very honored to be invited to this symposium held by China Research Institute for International Reportage and Institute for Long-March Spirit.

Late prime minister Zhou Enlai was one of the most beloved and respected leaders of China, he helped Mao Zedong built the new China from ashes. He has also made great contributions to the cause of China-Japan friendship with great vision and personal efforts. The long march spirit is the treasure of mankind.

The history of cultural exchanges between China and Japan are nearly 2000 years. The monk Jianzhen attempted 6 times to visit Japan and finally succeeded as he lost his eyesight yet brought new light to Japanese culture. Abe No Nakamaro, and other Japanese missions to Tang dynasty travelled west in the rough sea, whom accomplished their long-march time after time.

The famous silk road that connected Eurasia and eventually come together in Japan was a long-march for ancient humankind.

The cause of China-Japan friendship and cultural exchanging between the two still has a long way to go,  but we would like to use the great long-march spirit as a guide, and carry on what our ancestors started, to build a new long-march road for the friendship between two countries.

We are eager for a chance to hold an international long march spirit symposium in Japan with China Research Institute for International Reportage and Institute for Long-March Spirit.

We will be expecting for your visit and it would be our pleasure to have you in Japan with us.

Thank you very much!

（未完待续）

三、首届长征精神国际研讨会提议

    中国国际报告文学研究会会长王晓滨先生在研讨会主场发言结束时，提出将以此次会议为契机，进一步开展长征精神的国际交流与研究，对世界各国的多语言的、国际优秀报告文学进行收集整理和翻译、编辑、研究、出版。以5S+为经典楷模，推进新时代国际报告文学的发展；争取以报告文学的方式，向世界讲好中国故事。

    与美国埃德加·斯诺纪念基金会主席签署合作备忘录，提议双方合作，设立埃德加·斯诺国际报告文学奖，并拟把长征精神研究院纪念长征精神的第81块碑立在斯诺的故乡堪萨斯城，以表达斯诺对书写长征精神的创举性贡献。

    建议在长征沿线省份建立长征遗址公园，以便于民众重走长征路；与有关部门合作，发起长征路线作为历史文化申遗活动。
参会者在上述五项提议册上签名表示赞同与支持。




1. 以此次会议为契机，进一步开展长征精神的国际交流与研究，对世界各国的多语言的国际优秀报告文学进行收集、整理、翻译、编辑、研究、出版，以5S+为经典楷模，推进新时代国际报告文学的发展，并争取用报告文学这一文学方式更好地向全世界讲好中国故事。（注：5S+：埃德加·斯诺、艾格尼丝·史沫特莱、安娜·路易斯·斯特朗、海伦·斯诺、哈里森·索尔兹伯里）

2. 与美国纪念斯诺基金会共同发起纪念斯诺国际报告文学奖，在国际上鼓励、支持优秀报告文学的写作与普及。

 3.长征精神研究院在长征沿线已设立群众自发、自费纪念石碑共计80块，现在筹备第81块纪念石碑，赠送给美国纪念斯诺基金会，竖立在斯诺的故乡。

4.向国家和长征沿线各地政府、群众、公益社建议设立国家纪念长征、保护史迹、遗址的徒步公园，以利更多的人们“重走长征路”。

5.与相关部门合作，发起并推动长征路线作为历史文化遗产的“申遗”活动。


1. Taking this symposium as an opportunity, we would further carry out international exchanges and research in the spirit of the Long March (3S), with Helen Snow (4s) and Salisbury (5S) as classics and examples. To further promote the development of international reportage in the new era we would like to collect, reorganize, translate, edit and research and eventually publish the multilingual international excellent reportage (5s+: Edgar Snow, Agnes Smedley, Anna Louis strong, Helen Snow, Harrison Salisbury ) from the world.

2. Promote the Edgar Snow Memorial Prize in International Reportage” with Edgar Snow Memorial foundation, support and popularize extraordinary reportage writings.

3. Institute for Long March Spirit has established 80 memorial stones along the Long March route. Now is preparing for the number 81 memorial stone, which will be a gift to the Edgar Snow Memorial Foundation and establish in the hometown of Snow.

4. In order to promote people to re-walk the Long March, we will propose to the government to build monuments and memorial gardens along the route of the Long March. This will bring benefits to more people and to inspire more citizens to walk the Long March again.

5. Through our cooperation with related departments, we will promote the application of Long March route being a historical and cultural world heritage.